Ukwenziwa kwewayini sekunezinkulungwane zeminyaka kukhona.Ngendlela eyisisekelo, ukukhiqizwa kwewayini kuyinqubo yemvelo edinga ukungenelela komuntu okuncane kakhulu.Umama Wendalo uhlinzeka ngakho konke okudingekayo ukwenza iwayini;kukubantu ukuthi bahlobise, bathuthukise, noma bachithe ngokuphelele lokho okuhlinzekwe yimvelo, lapho noma ubani onolwazi olunzulu lokunambitha iwayini angakufakazela.
Kunezigaba ezinhlanu eziyisisekelo noma izinyathelo zokwenza iwayini: ukuvunwa, ukuchotshozwa nokucindezela, ukuvutshelwa, ukucacisa, bese uguga nokufaka amabhodlela.
Ukuvuna
Ukuvuna noma ukukha ngokuqinisekile kuyisinyathelo sokuqala enqubweni yangempela yokwenza iwayini.Ngaphandle kwesithelo belingeke libe khona iwayini, futhi asikho isithelo ngaphandle kwamagilebhisi esingakhiqiza njalo ngonyaka isilinganiso esithembekile sikashukela ukuze sikhiqize utshwala obanele ukuze silondoloze isiphuzo esiba umphumela, futhi sibe nezinye izithelo ezidingekayo, ama-ester nama-tannins ukwenza iwayini lemvelo, elizinzile isisekelo esingaguquki.Ngenxa yalesi sizathu kanye nomninikhaya abaningi, abenzi bewayini abaningi bayavuma ukuthi iwayini lenziwa esivinini, okungenani ngokomfanekiso.Inqubo yokwenza iwayini elicolisekileyo idinga ukuthi amagilebhisi avunwe ngesikhathi esiqondile, okungcono kakhulu lapho esevuthiwe ngokwe-physiologically.Inhlanganisela yesayensi kanye nokunambitha okuyisidala kuvame ukungena ekunqumeni ukuthi kufanele kuvunwe nini, nabaxhumanisi, abenzi bewayini, abaphathi bezivini, kanye nabanikazi bezindlu bonke benombono wabo.Ukuvuna kungenziwa ngomshini noma ngesandla.Kodwa-ke, izindawo eziningi zikhetha ukuvuna ngesandla, njengoba abavuni bemishini ngokuvamile bangaba lukhuni kakhulu kumagilebhisi kanye nesivini.Uma amagilebhisi efika endaweni yokukhiqiza iwayini, abenzi bewayini abahloniphekile bazohlunga izixha zamagilebhisi, bakhiphe izithelo ezibolile noma ezingavuthiwe ngaphambi kokuzigaya.
Ukuchoboza nokucindezela
Ukuchoboza wonke amaqoqo amaderibe amasha avuthiwe ngokwesiko kuyisinyathelo esilandelayo enqubweni yokwenza iwayini.Namuhla, ama-crushers ayimishini enza isiko elihlonishwa isikhathi eside lokunyathela noma ukunyathela amagilebhisi kulokho okuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi kufanele.Izinkulungwane zeminyaka, kwakungamadoda nabesifazane abenza umdanso wokuvuna emiphongolweni nasezigayweni zokunyathelisa okwaqala ukuguqulwa okumangalisayo kwejusi lamagilebhisi kusukela ekukhanyeni kwelanga okugxilile kanye namanzi ahlanganiswe ndawonye ngamaqoqo ezithelo kuya kwesiphuzo esinempilo nesingaqondakali kunazo zonke - iwayini.Njenganoma yini ekuphileni, uguquko luhilela okuthile okulahlekile nokunye okuzuziwe.Ngokusebenzisa imishini yokunyathelisa, iningi lezothando nesiko selisukile kulesi sigaba sokwenza iwayini, kodwa akufanele umuntu akhale isikhathi eside ngenxa yenzuzo enkulu yokuhlanzeka okulethwa ukucindezela ngomshini ekwenzeni iwayini.Ukucindezela ngemishini kuphinde kwathuthukisa ikhwalithi nokuphila isikhathi eside kwewayini, kuyilapho kunciphisa isidingo somenzi wewayini sezivimbelakuvunda.Sengikushilo konke lokhu, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi akulona lonke iwayini eliqala ukuphila ku-crusher.Kwesinye isikhathi, abenzi bewayini bakhetha ukuvumela ukuvutshelwa ukuthi kuqale ngaphakathi kwamaqoqo amagilebhisi angakachotshozwa, okuvumela isisindo semvelo samagilebhisi kanye nokuqala kokuvutshelwa kuqhume izikhumba zamagilebhisi ngaphambi kokucindezela amaqoqo angagayiwe.
Kuze kube yilapho ukuchotshozwa nokucindezela izinyathelo zokwenza iwayini elimhlophe newayini elibomvu kuyafana.Nokho, uma umenzi wewayini ezokwenza iwayini elimhlophe, uzocindezela ngokushesha i-must ngemva kokugaywa ukuze ahlukanise ijusi esikhunjeni, imbewu, kanye nokuqinile.Ngokwenza kanjalo umbala ongafuneki (ophuma esikhumbeni samagilebhisi, hhayi ijusi) futhi ama-tannins awakwazi ukungena ewayinini elimhlophe.Empeleni, iwayini elimhlophe livunyelwe ukuthintana okuncane kakhulu kwesikhumba, kuyilapho iwayini elibomvu lishiywa lixhumene nezikhumba zalo ukuze liqongelele umbala, ukunambitheka, nama-tannins engeziwe ngesikhathi sokuvutshelwa, okuyisinyathelo esilandelayo.
Ukuvutshelwa
Ukuvutshelwa empeleni kuwumlingo odlalwayo ekwenzeni iwayini.Uma iyekwa izenzela yona kumele noma ijusi iqale ukubila ngokwemvelo phakathi namahora angu-6-12 ngosizo lwemvubelo yasendle emoyeni.Ezindaweni ezihlanzeke kakhulu, ezisekelwe kahle kanye nasezivinini lokhu kubila kwemvelo kuyinto eyamukelekayo.Nokho, ngenxa yezizathu ezihlukahlukene, abenzi bewayini abaningi bakhetha ukungenelela kulesi sigaba ngokujova okufanele kwemvelo.Lokhu kusho ukuthi bazobulala imvubelo yemvelo yasendle futhi kwesinye isikhathi engalindelekile bese bethula uhlobo lwemvubelo yokukhetha komuntu siqu ukuze babikezele kalula umphumela wokugcina.Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi iyiphi indlela ekhethiwe, uma ukuvutshelwa kuqala, kuvame ukuqhubeka kuze kube yilapho wonke ushukela uguqulwa ube utshwala futhi iwayini elomile likhiqizwa.Ukuvutshelwa kungadinga noma yikuphi kusukela ezinsukwini eziyishumi kuye enyangeni noma ngaphezulu.Izinga eliwumphumela lotshwala ewayinini lizohluka ukusuka endaweni eyodwa kuya kwesinye, ngenxa yengqikithi yoshukela we-must.Izinga lotshwala elingu-10% ezindaweni ezipholile uma kuqhathaniswa nokuphakama okungu-15% ezindaweni ezifudumele kuthathwa njengokujwayelekile.Iwayini elimnandi likhiqizwa lapho inqubo yokuvutshelwa ima ngaphambi kokuba wonke ushukela uguqulwe ube utshwala.Lokhu kuvame ukuba yisinqumo esiqondile, samabomu ngasohlangothini lomenzi wewayini.
Ukucaciswa
Lapho ukuvutshelwa sekuqediwe, inqubo yokucacisa iqala.Abenzi bamawayini banenketho yokurakha noma ukudonsa iwayini labo ukusuka ethangini elilodwa noma emgqonyeni ukuya kwelinye ngethemba lokushiya amanzi kanye nezinto eziqinile ezibizwa ngokuthi i-pomace ngaphansi kwethangi elibilayo.Ukuhlunga nokuhlawuliswa nakho kungenziwa kulesi sigaba.Ukuhlunga kungenziwa ngayo yonke into kusukela kusihlungi sesifundo esibamba kuphela okuqinile okukhulu kuya kuphedi lokuhlunga eliyinyumba elihlubula iwayini kuyo yonke impilo.Ukuqedwa kwenzeka lapho izinto zengezwa ewayini ukuze zicacise.Ngokuvamile, abenzi bewayini bazokwengeza amaqanda amhlophe, ubumba, noma ezinye izinhlanganisela ewayinini ezizosiza ekukhipheni amangqamuzana emvubelo afile nezinye izinto eziqinile ewayinini.Lezi zinto zinamathela ezintweni eziqinile ezingafuneki futhi ziziphoqe phansi ethangini.Iwayini elicwengiwe libe selihluthulelwa kwesinye isitsha, lapho selilungele ukufakwa ebhodleleni noma ukuguga okwengeziwe.
Ukuguga kanye Nebhodlela
Isigaba sokugcina senqubo yokwenza iwayini sibandakanya ukuguga kanye nokufaka amabhodlela ewayini.Ngemva kokucaciswa, umenzi wewayini unokukhetha ukufaka iwayini ebhodleleni ngokushesha, okuyisimo sezindawo eziningi zewayini.Ukuguga okuqhubekayo kungenziwa ebhodleleni, amathangi ensimbi engagqwali noma e-ceramic, ama-ovals amakhulu okhuni, noma imiphongolo emincane, evame ukubizwa ngokuthi ama-barriques.Izinketho namasu asetshenziswe kulesi sigaba sokugcina senqubo cishe akupheli, kanjalo nemiphumela yokugcina.Nokho, umphumela ovamile kuzo zonke izimo iwayini.Jabulela!
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Nov-13-2023